TNFa is secreted by macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, T-cells, and NK- cells following their stimulation by bacterial LPS. Cells expressing CD4 secrete TNF-alpha, while CD8 cells secrete little or no TNF-alpha. The synthesis of TNF-alpha is induced by many different stimuli including interferons, IL2, and GM-CSF. Recombinant Human Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha produced in E. coli is a single, non-glycosylated, polypeptide chain containing 158 amino acids and having a molecular mass of 17483.77 Daltons.